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In Matt. 23 the Lord denounces the scribes and Pharisees, who in proselytizing a
person “make him two-fold more a son of hell” than themselves (v. 15), the phrase here
being expressive of moral characteristics, and declares the impossibility of their escaping
“the judgment of hell,” v. 33. In Jas. 3:6 “hell” is described as the source of the evil done
by misuse of the tongue; here the word stands for the powers of darkness, whose
characteristics and destiny are those of “hell.”¶
For terms descriptive of “hell,” see e.g., Matt. 13:42; 25:46; Phil. 3:19; 2 Thess. 1:9;
Heb. 10:39; 2 Pet. 2:17; Jude 13; Rev. 2:11; 19:20; 20:6, 10, 14; 21:8.
Notes:
(1) For the rendering “hell” as a translation of hades, corresponding to Sheol,
wrongly rendered “the grave” and “hell,” see
HADES
. (2) The verb
, translated
“cast down to hell” in 2 Pet. 2:4, signifies to consign to Tartarus, which is neither Sheol
nor hades nor hell, but the place where those angels whose special sin is referred to in
that passage are confined “to be reserved unto judgment”; the region is described as “pits
of darkness.”
RV
¶
For
HELM
(
Jas. 3:4
) see
RUDDER
HELMET
(
$
&
, 4030), from
, “around,” and
, “a head,” is
used figuratively in Eph. 6:17, with reference to salvation, and 1 Thess. 5:8, where it is
described as “the hope of salvation.” The head is not to be regarded here as standing for
the seat of the intellect; the word is not so used elsewhere in Scripture. In Eph. 6:17
salvation is a present experience of the Lord’s deliverance of believers as those who are
engaged in spiritual conflict; in 1 Thess. 5:8, the hope is that of the Lord’s return, which
encourages the believer to resist the spirit of the age in which he lives.¶
HELP, HOLPEN
A. Nouns.
1.
or
(
&
, 484) properly signifies “a laying hold of, an
exchange” ( , “in exchange,” or, in its local sense, “in front,” and
, “to take,
lay hold of,” so as to support); then, “a help” (akin to B, No. 1); it is mentioned in 1 Cor.
12:28, as one of the ministrations in the local church, by way of rendering assistance,
perhaps especially of “help” ministered to the weak and needy. So Theophylact defines
the injunction in 1 Thess. 5:14, “support the weak”; cf. Acts 20:35; not official
functionaries are in view in the term “helps,” but rather the functioning of those who, like
the household of Stephanas, devote themselves to minister to the saints. Hort defines the
ministration as “anything that would be done for poor or weak or outcast brethren.”¶
2.
(
)
, 996), from
, “a shout,” and
, “to run,” denotes “help,
succour,” Heb. 4:16, lit., “(grace) unto (timely) help”; in Acts 27:17, where the plural is
used, the term is nautical, “frapping.”¶
3.
$
(
#
$&
, 1947) strictly denotes such aid as is rendered by an
$
, “an ally, an auxiliary”; Paul uses it in his testimony to Agrippa, “having
therefore obtained the help that is from God,” Acts 26:22,
RV
.¶
B. Verbs.
1.
(
1
, 482), lit., “to take instead of, or in turn” (akin to A,
No. 1), is used in the middle voice, and rendered “He hath holpen” in Luke 1:54; “to