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“saying”); 25:19; Rom. 1:22, “professing.” Some mss. have it in Rev. 2:2, instead of the
verb
, “to say.” See
PROFESS
,
SAY
.¶
4.
(
&
, 5346), “to say” (primarily by way of enlightening, explaining), is
rendered “affirm” in Rom. 3:8. See
SAY
.
AFFLICT (-ED), AFFLICTION
A. Verbs.
1.
(
, 2559) is translated “afflict, in Acts 12:1,
RV
(
KJV
, “vex”). See
AFFECT
.
2.
$
(
!
, 2558), from
, “evil,” and
, “to have,” signifies,
in the passive voice, “to suffer ill, to be maltreated, tormented,” Heb. 11:37 (
KJV
,
“tormented,”
RV
, “afflicted”); 13:3,
KJV
, “suffer adversity,”
RV
, evil entreated. See
ENTREAT
,
TORMENT
.¶ In the Sept., 1 Kings, 2:26; 11:39.¶
: &
-$ $
(
$
, “with,” and No. 1), “to be evil entreated with,” is used in
Heb. 11:25.¶
3.
(
!
, 2553), from
, “evil,”
, “suffering,” signifies
“to suffer hardship.” So the
RV
in 2 Tim. 2:9; and 4:5; in Jas. 5:13, “suffer” (
KJV
,
“afflicted). See
ENDURE
,
SUFFER
.¶
Note:
For
$
, 2 Tim. 1:8, see
HARDSHIP
.
4.
(
&
, 2346), “to suffer affliction, to be troubled,” has reference to
sufferings due to the pressure of circumstances, or the antagonism of persons, 1 Thess.
3:4; 2 Thess. 1:6-7; “straitened,” in Matt. 7:14 (
RV
); “throng,” Mark 3:9; “afflicted,” 2
Cor. 1:6; 7:5 (
RV
); 1 Tim. 5:10; Heb. 11:37; “pressed,” 2 Cor. 4:8. Both the verb and the
noun (see B, No. 4), when used of the present experience of believers, refer almost
invariably to that which comes upon them from without. See
NARROW
,
PRESS
,
STRAITENED
,
THRONG
,
TRIBULATION
,
TROUBLE
.¶
5.
(
$!
, 5003), “to be afflicted,” is used in Jas. 4:9, in the middle
voice (“afflict yourselves”). It is derived from
, “to bear, undergo,” and
, “a hard
substance, a callus,” which metaphorically came to signify that which is miserable.¶
: &
(akin to No. 5) denotes “misery, hardship,” Rom. 3:16; Jas. 5:1.¶
The corresponding adjective is
, “wretched,” Rom. 7:24; Rev. 3:17.¶
B. Nouns.
1.
(
1
, 2552), from
, “evil,” and
, “to suffer” is
rendered “suffering” in Jas. 5:10,
RV
(
KJV
, “suffering affliction”).¶ In Sept., Mal. 1:13.¶
2.
(
1
, 2561), “affliction, ill treatment,” is used in Acts 7:34.¶
3.
(
1
, 3804), from
, “suffering,” signifies “affliction.” The
word is frequent in Paul’s epistles and is found three times in Hebrews, four in 1 Peter; it
is used (a) of “afflictions,” Rom. 8:18, etc.; of Christ’s “sufferings,” 1 Pet. 1:11; 5:1; Heb.
2:9; of those as shared by believers, 2 Cor. 1:5; Phil. 3:10; 1 Pet. 4:13; 5:1; (b) of “an evil
emotion, passion,” Rom. 7:5; Gal. 5:24. The connection between the two meanings is that
the emotions, whether good or evil, were regarded as consequent upon external