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Notes:
(1)
$
, “wrath” (not translated “anger”), is to be distinguished from
,
in this respect, that
$
indicates a more agitated condition of the feelings, an outburst
of wrath from inward indignation, while
suggests a more settled or abiding condition
of mind, frequently with a view to taking revenge.
>
is less sudden in its rise than
$
, but more lasting in its nature.
$
expresses more the inward feeling,
the more active emotion.
$
may issue in revenge, though it does not necessarily
include it. It is characteristic that it quickly blazes up and quickly subsides, though that is
not necessarily implied in each case.
(2)
8
, a strengthened form of
, and used in Eph. 4:26,
RV
margin,
“provocation,” points especially to that which provokes the wrath, and suggests a less
continued state than No. (1). “The first keenness of the sense of provocation must not be
cherished, though righteous resentment may remain” (Westcott). The preceding verb,
, in this verse implies a just occasion for the feeling. This is confirmed by the fact
that it is a quotation from Ps. 4:4 (Sept.), where the Hebrew word signifies to quiver with
strong emotion.
$
is found eighteen times in the NT, ten of which are in the Apocalypse, in
seven of which the reference is to the wrath of God; so in Rom. 2:8,
RV
, “wrath (
$
)
and indignation” (
); the order in the
KJV
is inaccurate. Everywhere else the word
$
is used in a bad sense. In Gal. 5:20, it follows the word “jealousies,” which when
smoldering in the heart break out in wrath.
$
and
are coupled in two places in
the Apocalypse, 16:19, “the fierceness (
$
) of His wrath” (
); and 19:15, “the
fierceness of the wrath of Almighty God.” See
WROTH
(
BE
).
(3)
*
originally signified “physical pain or irritation” (probably from
,
“very much,” and
, “to grieve”), hence, “annoyance, vexation,” and is used in 2
Cor. 7:11, “indignation.”¶
B. Verbs.
1.
(
A$ &
, 3710), “to provoke, to arouse to anger,” is used in the middle voice
in the eight places where it is found, and signifies “to be angry, wroth.” It is said of
individuals, in Matt. 5:22; 18:34; 22:7; Luke 14:21; 15:28, and Eph. 4:26 (where a
possible meaning is “be ye angry with yourselves”); of nations, Rev. 11:18; of Satan as
the Dragon, 12:17 See
WRATH
.¶
2.
(
$ $ &
, 3949) is “to arouse to wrath, provoke” (
, used
intensively, and No. 1); Rom. 10:19, “will I anger”; Eph. 6:4, “provoke to wrath.” See
PROVOKE
.¶
3.
(
1
, 5520), connected with
, “gall, bile,” which became used
metaphorically to signify bitter anger, means “to be enraged,” John 7:23, “wroth,”
RV
, in
the Lord’s remonstrance with the Jews on account of their indignation at His having
made a man whole on the Sabbath Day.¶